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Farmacologia clínica e terapêutica Prof(a). Dra. Mariana Volpato Junqueira ANTIMICROBIANO 2 ▰ Identificação do m.o. ▰ Suscetibilidade do m.o. ao fármaco ▰ Local de infecção ▰ Fatores do paciente ▰ Segurança do fármaco ▰ Custo do tratamento 3 ▰ Gravidez: todos os AM atravessam a barreira placentária resolução do problema x efeitos adversos ▰ Categoria de fármacos na gestação: A, B, C, D e X ▰ Lactação: todos os AM são excretados no leite materno ▰ Interação com álcool: efeito dissulfiram (metronidazol e cefalosporinas) ▰ Interação com anticonceptivos orais: redução da microbiota que faz o reativamento do estrogênio Resistência bacteriana 4 ▰ RDC n° 44/2010: dispensação mediante retenção de receita comum ou de controle especial, em 2 vias ▰ Aumento de episódios de resistência bacteriana ▰ Mau uso de antimicrobianos ▰ Intrínseca ou natural ▻ Sem risco à terapêutica ▻ Previsível 5 ▰ Adquirida PERIGO!!! ▻ Alteração genética: mutações espontâneas ▻ Expressão alterada de proteínas: ▻ alteração de receptor ▻ diminuição da permeabilidade ▻ aumento do efluxo ▻ enzimas inativadoras Inibidores da parede celular 6 ▰ PENICILINAS menor toxicidade para o hospedeiro e mais eficaz [benzilpenicilina, amoxicilina, meticilina, ampicilina] ▰ CEFALOSPORINAS 1 a 4ª geração alteração do espectro de ação [cefalexina, cefamicina, cefoperazona, cefepima] ▰ MONOBACTAMOS gram negativos aeróbicos [aztreonam] 7 ▰ INIBIDORES DA b-LACTAMASE associados com penicilinas [ácido clavulânico] ▰ CARBAPENEMOS associação com cilastatina [imipenem] ▰ VANCOMICINA bactérias gram positivos resistentes b-lactâmicos ▰ BACITRACINA uso tópico nefrotóxico Inibidores da síntese proteica 8 ▰ Ligação na unidade 30S e 50S do cromossomo ▰ TETRACICLINA [tetraciclina] ▰ MACROLIDEOS [eritromicina, claritromicina, azitromicina ] ▰ AMINOGLICOSIDEOS [neomicina, gentamicina] Outros 9 ▰ Fármacos anti-folato ▻ SULFONAMIDAS ▻ TRIMETOPRIMA ▰ Inibidores da DNA-girasse ▻ FLUOROQUINOLONAS ANTIFÚNGICOS 10 ▰ Infecções sistêmicas ▻ ANFOTERICINA B ▻ AZOIS [cetoconazol, miconazol] ▻ FLUCITOSINA ▻ GRISEOFLUVINA ▰ Infecção tópica ▻ NISTATINA ▻ MICONAZOL ▻ CETOCONAZOL 11 KATZUNG, B.G.; TREVOR, A.J. Farmacologia básica e clínica. 13 ed. Porto Alegre: AMGH, 2017 RANG, H.P.; RITTER, J.M.; FLOWER, R.J.; HENDERSON, G. Rang & Dale: farmacologia. 8 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier, 2016. WHALEN, K.; FINKEL, R.; PANAVELLI, T.A. Farmacologia Ilustrada. 6 ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2016. Imagem Slide 2: https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in- health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview REFERÊNCIAS https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview https://pt.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/current-issues-in-health-and-medicine/antibiotics-and-antibiotic-resistance/a/antibiotics-an-overview 12 Obrigado(a)! Mariana Volpato Junqueira Contato: @profa.mariana.volpato