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QUESTÃO 3
National Geographic News
Our bodies produce a small steady amount of natural 
morphine, a new study suggests. Traces of the chemical are 
often found in mouse and human urine, leading scientists to 
wonder whether the drug is being made naturally or being 
delivered by something the subjects consumed. The new 
research shows that mice produce the “incredible painkiller” 
– and that humans and other mammals possess the same 
chemical road map for making it, said study co-author Meinhart 
Zenk, who studies plant-based pharmaceuticals at the Donald 
Danforth Plant Science Center in St. Louis, Missouri.
DELL’ AMORE, Christine. Disponível em: www.nationalgeographic.com. 
Research and Exploration, July 27, 2010.
Ao ler a matéria publicada na National Geographic para a 
realização de um trabalho escolar, um estudante descobriu 
que
	 os	 compostos	 químicos	 da	 morfina,	 produzidos	 por	
humanos, são manipulados no Missouri.
 os ratos e os humanos possuem a mesma via metabólica 
para	produção	de	morfina.
	 a	produção	de	morfina	em	grande	quantidade	minimiza	
a dor em ratos e humanos.
 os seres humanos têm uma predisposição genética 
para inibir a dor.
	 a	 produção	 de	morfina	 é	 um	 traço	 incomum	 entre	 os	
animais.
QUESTÃO 4
Brazil wants to count trees in the Amazon 
rainforest
Brazil is home to 
roughly 60 percent of 
the Amazon, about half 
of what remains of the 
world’s tropical rainforests. 
And now, the country has 
plans to count its trees. A 
vast undertaking, the new 
National Forest Inventory 
hopes to gain “a broad 
panorama of the quality and 
the conditions in the forest 
cover”, according to Brazil’s 
Forestry Minister Antonio 
Carlos Hummel.
The census, set to take place over the next four years, 
will scour 3,288,000 square miles, sampling 20,000 points 
at 20 kilometer intervals and registering the number, height, 
diameter, and species of the trees, among other data.
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The initiative, aimed to better allocate resources to 
the country’s forests, is part of a large-scale turnaround in 
Brazil’s relationship to its forests. While it once had one of the 
worst rates of deforestation in the world, last year only 1,797 
square miles of the Amazon were destroyed – a reduction of 
nearly 80% compared to 2004.
FLEISCHFRESSER, Channtal. Disponível em: www.smartplanet.com (adaptado).
O objetivo do Censo Florestal é
	 usar	os	dados	obtidos	para	criar	políticas	florestais	na	
América Latina.
 obter verbas internacionais para implantar programas 
contra o desmatamento.
	 implantar	 um	 inventário	 florestal	 em	 colaboração	 com	
países	que	têm	florestas	tropicais.
	 conscientizar	 os	 povos	 da	 floresta	 sobre	 a	
sustentabilidade do meio ambiente.
	 aprimorar	 a	 dotação	 de	 recursos	 para	 as	 florestas	
brasileiras.
QUESTÃO 5
Although robots have made 
great strides in manufacturing, 
where tasks are repetitive, they 
are still no match for humans, who 
can grasp things and move about 
effortlessly in the physical world.
Designing a robot to mimic the 
basic capabilities of motion and 
perception would be revolutionary, 
researchers say, with applications 
stretching from care for the elderly to 
returning overseas manufacturing 
operations to the United States 
(albeit with fewer workers).
Yet the challenges remain immense, far higher than 
artificial	 intelligence	 obstacles	 like	 speaking	 and	 hearing.	
“All these problems where you want to duplicate something 
biology does, such as perception, touch, planning or 
grasping, turn out to be hard in fundamental ways,” said 
Gary Bradski, a vision specialist at Willow Garage, a robot 
development company based in Silicon Valley. “It’s always 
surprising, because humans can do so much effortlessly.”
Disponível em: www.nytimes.com, July 11, 2011 (adaptado).
Segundo	o	texto,	um	grande	desafio	da	robótica	é
 não desistir da criação de robôs que falem e entendam 
o que ouvem.
 melhorar a capacidade dos robôs para a execução de 
tarefas repetitivas.
 não tentar igualar as habilidades dos robôs às dos seres 
humanos.
 voltar a fabricar robôs que possam ser comercializados 
pela indústria norte-americana.
 projetar um robô que imite as habilidades básicas de 
movimento e percepção dos seres humanos.